Data size conversion guide: distinction between bit, Byte, KB and KiB

First, separate bits, Byte and unit systems

The size of the file and the speed of the network are often written in similar letters, which may be 8 times worse or more. Lowercase b Usually means bit (bit), uppercase B This is byte,1 B = 8 bit。 In the broadband suite. 100 Mbps It's 100 Mbit per second. The downloader shows it. MB/s It's a megabytes per second, which theoretically is compared by dividing by eight. UseData Size ConverterPrior to confirming whether the input is stored or transmitted.

The second difference is decimal and binary. Common in manufacturers 1 kB = 1,000 B、1 MB = 1,000,000 B； Operating systems and development tools are sometimes used 1 KiB = 1,024 B、1 MiB = 1,048,576 B。 The blogger says:kB/MB/GB It's a decimal.KiB/MiB/GiB It's binary. Many interfaces still display binary numbers as KB, creating the illusion that "the nominal capacity is larger than the system's capacity".

Unit quick check and conversion relationship

1 GB In Decimal 1,000,000,000 BThat's about equal to 0.931 GiB；1 GiB Yes. 1,073,741,824 B。 The same hard drive shows on the package 1 TB, the operating system may show the approximate 931 GiBThis is not a theft of capacity, but a difference in unit systems and formatted partitions. The results are not compared with numbers, but are read together with the unit suffix.

Steps to use data size converters

1. OpenData Size Converterconfirmation page distinguishes bit, Byte, decimal and binary units.
2. Select the unit. Like broadband writing. Mbps, Documentary MB,Memory GiB； Do not treat speed units as capacity units.
3. Select the target unit, convert to Byte as an intermediate benchmark and then to MiB or GB。
4. Enter the value, check the case and the symbol per second.50 MB/s and 50 MB Not the same type of data.
5. Read results and use them 8 Double-check. If you... 800 Mbps The rate of the byte rate, theoretically about. 100 MB/s, the actual download rate may be slightly lower after deduction of the protocol costs.
6. (c) The system used for recording. Use pre-use when writing documents MiB、GiB (a) The suffixing of the post-suffix; If the product interface is "GB", the description indicates whether it is decimal or binary.

How do you estimate the speed of the net and the time of download?

The web package is shown by bit/s, and the download client is shown by Byte/s. Theoretic download speed formula is:

Bytes每sec = Pete.每sec ÷ 8

For example: 200 Mbps The line, the ideal value is about 25 MB/s。 Download one. 10 GB , the ideal time is about 10,000 MB ÷ 25 MB/s = 400 secThat's about 6 minutes 40 seconds. The actual impact is also affected by Wi-Fi signals, server speed limits, TCP/QUIC protocol charges, co-dispatch connections and disk writing speeds, with budget times multiplied by a safety factor of 1.1 to 1.5, rather than placing the desired value as a commitment.

The speed of uploading and downloading may be different. The top-down configurations of symmetric fibre-optics, mobile networks and enterprise line vary, and speed-measured websites may also show both bit and Byte results. If Downloader Displays 12.5 MB/s, the match. 100 MbpsThis does not mean that the package is only 12.5 Mbps. If you don't understand, you can convert all results to the same unit and then compare them.

File, Memory and Hard Disk scene

The size shown by the file manager may be decimal or binary, and the different versions of the operating system will change. The "size" of the compressed package is different from "occupancy space": the former is the length of the document's content, while the latter is fine-tuned upwards by disk distribution unit. A small file of hundreds of bits, possibly occupying 4 KiB disk space. The "space occupied" should be viewed when cleaning disks, and the file size is usually seen in the transmission and billing hours.

Memory Bar Name 16 GB Most are named after decimal or market agreement, and systematic surveillance may indicate the agreement 15.6 GiBThe hardware retention and visible sharing is also deducted. The cloud storage package. 1 TB The fee may be expressed on a decimal basis, while the database tool is shown on a binary basis. In procurement and capacity planning, the "plant trademark" is defined as "operational system available" in three columns, which avoids mixing the three into one number.

The back-up budget also takes into account versions, snapshots and redundancy. Add daily 80 GB, keep 30 days is not easy 2,400 GB； The result is changed by the full backup, the incremental chain, the compression rate, the verification copy and the subtotal cost unit for the object storage. The converter is responsible only for unit unification and the capacity model should write out each assumption.

In the program and interface, it is recommended that the capacity be kept as integer byte and that the display unit be formatted at the front end. This would avoid cumulative errors due to JavaScript floats, database decimals and rounding rules in different languages. Processing greater than 2^53 , the security integer or high precision type is used, and the super-sizing file size cannot be inserted unconditionally into the normal float variable. The log records the original Byte values, display values and the unit systems used, and it is only quick to judge whether the "system displays a few less GB" are formatting problems, unit problems or actual data loss.

Error Contrast

A common counter-feed is "Melphone Suite 1 GB traffic equals download of 1 GB file". If the package is billed on a decimal basis and the document tool is shown on a binary basis, the figures will vary; In addition, web requests, protocol heads, photos and backstage synchronization can also consume traffic. Budget flows should be increased to the point where the reduced size of the document cannot be considered as the entire network cost.

Real scene: Select hard drive and plan backup

Team needs to keep 2 years of log, daily original log 18 GBAfter compression, about 35% of the original picture, one full snapshot is kept weekly and another is a foreign copy. The first step is to harmonize all capacity into a decimal GB, the second step is to calculate thermal storage, snapshots and offsite copies, respectively, and the third step is to convert to the cloud manufacturer's TiB unit of account. If you just put it... 18 Consider 18 GiB, and apply compression rates to a snapshot copy, which would result in a significantly lower budget.

Household purchase of nominal name 2 TB Hard drive, system display approximation 1.81 TiB。 The variance between decimals and binarys is explained before the partition table, restoration of partitions and occupancy of the file system is checked. If the available space is much below this range, further inspection of partition or hard drive health is required, rather than immediately considering the hard drive capacity to be inadequate.

When the developers release the installation package, the download page can be used to write " Document Size 84 MB" and " An estimated download traffic of about 90 MB " at the same time. The former is a static document, while the latter contains HTTP header, retest and validation requests. Separate the two numbers to indicate that users do not mistake the document for tampering with a slightly higher viewer.

When to use the tools

Main tools are suitable for clear conversion between bit, Byte, decimal and binary capacity; If you work at the old calculator portal, you can use it.Storage ConverterCross-check. Pages that show only size without system descriptions are availableData Size Toolor a product document supplementing the definition. Where the costs of hard drives, object storage and backup are involved, the vendor ' s unit of charge will ultimately be the subject.

Three layers of inspection can be performed in case of a sorting abnormality: first, the unit and bit/ Byte orientation, then the decimal or binary system, and finally, the compression, snapshot, partitioning and file system occupancy. Like uploading one. 4.8 GiB , the platform is charged a 10-digit GB time-consuming schedule, the billing shows the approximate 5.154 GB Not surprisingly; If both request and terminal fees are present, traffic and storage are to be accounted for. The addition of the " Original bytes" column to the volume report is usually more reliable than writing a vague " approximately 5G " at the end.

When planning capacity, it is recommended that peaks, averages and growth rates be separated. Daily average add to log 18 GB, but the release date may produce a 5-fold peak; If disks are purchased only on average, the loss log or service downgrade is triggered when they are completed. Combining capacity with the time axis, simulate the remaining space on a monthly basis and set up 70% and 85% of the alert lines, which are more secure than 99%.

A distinction is also made between “available capacity” and “logical capacity”. Database compression, weighting and thin files can result in logical sizes larger than actual occupancy, and the removal of snapshots may also not release space immediately because the shared blocks are still cited. When the tool calculates the theoretical total, it should go back to the storage system to see the actual usage, recovery delays and the number of copies, and it cannot be judged whether the backup can be deleted with a single conversion result.

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